Saturday, January 21, 2012
Blog 13 : Article : On Societies as Organisms
I agree with the article "On Societies as Organisms" where the humans social behavior resembles the social behavior of ants. Ants are just like human beings they "farm fungi, raise sphids as livestocks, launch armies into wars, use chemical sprays to alarm and confuse enemies, and capture slaves".They do everything but watch television. But they seem to live two kind of lives as individuals without thought about tommorrow and they are at the same time component parts, cellular elements in the next/hive. Also, bees live lives of organisms, tissues cells , organelles all at the same time. It believe that it is also true that we humans are the most social of all social animals, more interdependable, more attached to each other, and more inseperable in our behavior compared to bees but we dont feel conjoined intelligence.
Blog 12 : Article : Thoughts for a Countdown
"Thought for a Countdown" and article gives evidence on how life is similar and "interconnected and humans having ". i agree with this article because it stated that bacteria that live in tissues on insects have the apperance of specialized organs in their host and cannot survive long without them. They are transmitted like mitochondira from to generation to generation of eggs. Also that there is a symbiotic linkages between prokaryotic cells were origin of eukaryotes and that fusion between different kind ok eukaryotes led to the contrsuction of communities. From his shown of peoples thoughts has convinced me to agree with this article.
Blog 11 : Cell Poem
Hello Cells
I just wanted to thank you for functioning me!
And I think you should thank those who functioned you as well!
You should thank the cell wall for protection,
cell memebrane for regulating movements of water, nutrition, and waste into and out of the cell,
the nucleus for controlling cells avtivities,
ribosomes for synthesizing proteins,
mitochondria for being the site of aerobic cellular respiration releasing energy,
lysosome for helping you break down large food moelecules and digestion of old cell parts,
chloroplast which allows plant to obtain energy from sunlight and releases Oxygen.
I hope after you thank them you will feel like how i feel about you
thankful and appreciative
Blog 10 : Benefitial Bacteria
Staphylococcus Epidermidis Bacteria
Lactobacilli Bacteria
Lactobacilli is a friendly bacteria found in the digestive tract. These bacteria got their name (lacto) because they are able to form lactic acid. They play a role in producing fermented foods, fermented milk, yogurt, and cheeses. They are referred to “probiotic” since they are positive or supportive microorganisms. This bacteria inhabits the vagina and makes it stop being acidic. When reached puberty many Lactobacilli are now in the vagina so it becomes acidic again. The acidic created by the Lactobacilli bacteria protects the vagina from being harmed by microorganisms.
Found in natural milk products like organic yogurt and beneficial to overall health, it has been used as a nutritional supplement and can be bought over-the-counter. It is naturally found in the human digestive tract and helps to maintain health by releasing lactic acid. Lactic acid lowers a person's pH, so that harmful bacteria are kept under control. It also helps destroy harmful bacteria and helps the absorption of minerals by helping lactose digestion. It also causes the body to make natural antibiotic substances to fight disease, increases resistance to viral infections and prevents diarrhea.
Blog 9 : Cellular Metabolism Wordle
http://www.wordle.net/show/wrdl/4710584/cellular_metabolism
Cellular metabolism are chemical processes that allows organism to respond to the environment, extrac get energy, grow, reproduce and maintain itself. It is grouped into catabolic processes that are involved with energyextraction, and anabolic processes, which involve the use of energy for growth and tissue repair. Atp is used as an barrier of chemical energy and has three phosphate graoups attached and can be broken down by hyddrolysis to release energy and are added in a covalent bond during respiration. ATP is used to drive active transport, and other chemical reactions such as photosynthesis, and cellular respiration. Plants depend on photosynthesis to obtain energy and chlorophyll to carry out the process. It contains two steps, photosystem which Atp is produced which will turn carbon dioxide into glucose, and the Calvin cycle which fixes carbon molecules from carbon dioxide into glucose without light. Overall process: 6CO2 + 12H2O + sunlight -> C6H12O6 + 6H2O + 6O2. O2 is released as a byproduct. Cells use Atp for energy gets it from cellular respiration in three stages: Step 1 is where food breaks down into sugar, lipid, and amino acids, Step 2 is where molecules from stage 1 is turned into a intermediate product, and Step 3 is where food is turned into ATP. When oxygen is not available cells go through fermentation produce energy.
Blog 8 : Bacteria vs. Virus vs. Protist
Bacteria are considered organisms and are made up of one cell. They do not have a nuclear envelopeand membrane bound organelles. It has circular chromosomes and are diverse in the molecules they use for food/ habitats they occupy. They can be found at the bottom of the ocean, in boiling hot springs, and maybe even on other planets. Bacteria reproduce asexually. And when mutations are not an issue and no genetic material has been transferred from other bacteria or viruses, the daughter cells will be identical to the parent.
Protists do have a nuclear envelope and organelles. Their cytoskeleton gives them structure. It is common for protists to sexually reproduce but its not always. They undergo cell division through mitosis. Protists have DNA within their nucleus that is made with many parts with proteins called histones. Protists can be made up of several cells and are larger than bacteria. Due to their membrane bound organelles, each cell can specialize in a task. They can be parasitic, predatory or even photosynthetic in nature. They live in moist area.
Viruses are not cells and are not made up of cells so they are not considered organisms. They are agents/particles that cannot make their own ATP/ carbon-containing compounds, so they rely on cells for energy and replication. Viruses are considered parasites because without other organisms viruses would just exist and would not be reproducing or catalyzing molecules. They have genome, so it is not determined iif it is alive or not. There are a lot more viruses in the world than any type of organism.
Blog 7 : Bacterial Transformation and Transduction
In bacterial transformation and transduction, Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer was the inventor who discovered bacteria transformation and transduction and was even rewarded the 1996 Lemelson-MIT Prize for Invention and Innovation. It all started with a collaboration in Hawaii in 1972 and the conference's topic was bacterial plasmids which are circular segments of DNA thatis a permenant source the cells carrying them with antibiotic resistance and other medical benefits. Boyer's lab recently isolated an enzyme that could be used to cut strings of DNA into precise and "cohesive" segments to carry the code for a pre-determined protein and be attached to other strands of DNA. Cohen developed a method to introduce antibiotic-carrying plasmids into certain bacteria and isolating/ cloning genes carried by plasmids. Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer put their resources together resulting with Boyer's enzyme would allow Cohen to introduce specific DNA segments to plasmids and to use those plasmids as a vehicle for cloning precise, previously targeted strands of DNA. In four months, their labs had succeeded in cloning predetermined patterns of DNA.
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