Genome BOW 9: Death

This chapter starts out with how when you learn new things at the same time you will lose old things you learned before. Mutation is also a cause of disease. Detecting cancer early in development of tumor is important because the larger the tumor becomes the more likely it is going to suffer the next mutation because of probability and rapid proliferation of inside the tumor can lead to mistakes also called as mutation. Apoptosiss has a role on the function that the elimination of cancer cells, it is useful in fighting the ordinary infectious disease. If a cell detects that it had been infected with a virus it can kill itself for good of the body as a whole. It can be also be useful in preventing mutiny than cancer like genetic distortion of the kind induced by selfish tanspoon. Apoptosis has no central planning and no bodily politburo to decide who should die and live. Apoptosis will kill itself if infected, cancerous or genetically mischievous, a cell will die by definition. So there is understanding of how apoptosis evolves.

Geome BOW 8: Immotality

This chapter talks about how this genome seem  to be immortal because the genes we have in our body now are from the unbroken chain of descent links of probably over fifty billion copying over 4 billion years ago.But if the gene is immortal then why does the body die? The body dies because through the four billion years of continuous photocopying did not dull any messages in genes but it is the human skin that slowly loses its elasticity as we age. It also talks about how chromosomes can be copied several hundred times enough to blur the message they contain. So if the fifty billion copying since life you did not inherit the genes you inherit, it is because of chromosome 14 . In the shape of the gene called TEP1, the product of it is a protein which forms most unusual telomerase. So the lack of telomerase causes it put it bluntly, senescence. Also the addition of telomerase will turn certain cells to immortal. Humans are well protected which is why we age slowly and probably more slowly as the era passes. Our infant mortality rate of around fifty percent before age fifty five is high in modern western but is low compared to animals. Natural selection allowed humans to see their children into dependence but no more because at age fifty five and seventy five most people grow grey, stiff, weak, creaky, and deaf.

Genome BOW 7: Fate

Diseases lies in fate. We only know that every genes malfunction can causes a particular disease. The saying that "x has hot the Wolf_Hirschhorn gene" is wrong. Everyone actually has the Wolf-Hirschhorn gene, but people who has Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome is the one that is actually missing the gene. This means the sickness is caused from the fact that the gene is missing. The sufferers have the mutation, not the gene. In this chapter it talk about if the huntingtin gene is damaged then why does it work all right for the next thirty years? It is because the mutant form of huntingtin often accumulate in big chunks (it is this accumulation of a sticky lump of protein within the cell that causes the death of the cell that causes death). Another disease Huntington deasease is at the far end of the chart of genetics. It is pure fatalism, straight by environmental varaiables. So all in all, good environment/living, good medicine, healthy food, loving families, and being rich can do nothing about diseases. Your fate in in your genes.

Genome BOW 6: Life

Life is consisted of the ability to replicate and to create order. The ability to replicate is made possible by the existence of a recipe which is the information that is needed to create a new body. Genes contains DNA that is a message written in a code of chemicals, giving one letter for each letter. It only has four letters; A, C, G, and T which represents information, replication, breeding, and sex. RNA is a chemical substance that links RNA and proteins, it is used mainly to translate messages from the alphabet of DNA to the alphabet of proteins. It is hard to identify the earliest form of life because creatures today have genes except from their parents, but that could not have been fully true. For example, bacteria can get genes from other bacteria by eating it. Lastly it is believed that there was only one creation and one single event when life was born.

Genome BOW 5: Disease

Chromosome 9 is a well known gene that determines ABO blood type. The universal ABO system includes A, B, AB, and O which was discovered by Viennese. Type A can donate to A and AB, type B can donate to B and AB, type AB can only donate to AB, and O can donate to any blood types. The difference between blood A and B is 7 letters out of the 1062. The difference between type a and b from o blood type is that they are the same but o has deletion of letters. It is shown that O blood types are more affected to chloera but resistant to malaria. Type A, B, and AB are resistant to cholera and are affected to malaria. Cystic fibrosis is a gene on chromosome 7, it is a dangerous disease in the lungs and intestines but also protects the body from typhoid intestinal disease. An experience was made which resulted with choosing mates based on genes to prevent disease; Four men and women wears a cotton shirt for 2 night with no scent and 121 men and women will sniff and rate it from best to worst. It resulted with men and women both prefer body odor of the opposite sex who are genetically different from then genetically.

Genome BOW 4: Memory

Located on Chromosome 16 are genes that allow learning and memory. Learning is from the provinces of neuroscience and psychology which is opposite of instinct. Instinct is genetically determined behavior and learning is behavior through experience but have very little in common. It is believed that learning is good and instinct is bad. Some things learnt and others are distinctive because  by forcing ourselves to learn something we place ourselves in a selective environment that put the future instincts solution to the problem. Therefore meaning that learning gradually gives way to instinct. It is believed that integrins are central to learning and memory. In 1990 it was discovered that there are drugs that act as integrins could affect memory. Example, LTP known as long term potentiation seems to be the main event in the creation of a memory. The human brain is really impressive, if you prefer geometry, it is an analogue three dimensional machine instead of a digital one dimensional, and if you like thermodynamics it will make alot of heat. The brain is one the complex finest which will never be fully understood.

Genome BOW 3: Personality

The gene that affects personality is located chromosome 11 on its short arm which is the gene called D4DR. This gene is the way to make the protein called dopamine receptor and it is switched on in cells of certain parts of the brain but not the rest. Dopamine role is to control the flow of blood through the brain, but a shortage of dopamine causes an indecisive and frozen personality. Too little dopamine also makes the person lack initiative and motivation. Too much will make the person easily bored setting out adventures. Known as the brains punishment chemical, serotonin, it is the chemical that abets anxiety and depressionIt has different ways to respond to outside influence such as social signals. All in all, personality is affected by the hormones of the body to the chemicals of the mind.