Blog 14 : Cell Wordle

http://www.wordle.net/show/wrdl/4710664/cells

All prokaryotes and eukaryotes contains cells which are different in size and complexity. Prokaryotes (and bacteria/archae) does not contain a nuclei or other membrane enclosed organelles. All other organisms have eukaryotic cells with membrane enclosed nuclieand other membraneous organelles in the cytoplasm. Plant and animal cells have most of the same organelles. Free ribosomes in the cytosol and bound ribosomes on the outside of ER and the nuclear envelope synthesize proteins. Stacks of separate cisternate make up the golgo which recieves secretory proteins from ER transport vesicles, they are sorted, and changed. Lysosomes are membraneous sac of hydrolytic enzymes which breaks down cell macromolecule. A plants cell vacuole functions in storage, waste disposla, cell growth and protection. Mitochondria which is the site of cellular respiration in eukaryotes have an outer/inner membrane folded into criastae. Chloroplast contains chlorphyll that functions in photosynthesis. Plant walls are composed of cellulose fibers embedded in other polysacharrides and proteins. Water flows across a membrane from the side where solute is less concentrated (hypotonic) to the side where solute is more concentrated (hypertonic). If the concentrations are equal (isotonic) no osmosis will occur. In exocytosis, transport vesicles migrate to the plasma membrane, fuse with it, and release. In endocytosis, large molecules enter cells with vesicles pinched inward from the plasma membrane. Animal cells signal nearby cells secreting local regulators or nerve cells by secreting neurotransmitters at synapses. Both animal and plant cells use hormones for signaling over long distances. CElls can communicate by direct contact. Three stages of cell signaling: The signal molecule epinephrine binds to receptors on a cells surface which is reception, leading to a series of changes in the receptor and other molecules inside the cell which is transduction and finally to the activation of an enzyme that breaks down glycogen.